Blockchain has sparked enthusiasm among circular economy experts due to its ability to track materials and enhance precision in information sharing within a network. In addition to its applicability in the circular economy, this technology has been successfully used in various areas, from empowering refugees to contributing to cancer research. With its smart contracts and cybersecurity, blockchain has the potential to transform trade. According to Gartner, blockchain-generated revenues are expected to reach $3.1 trillion by 2030, reflecting its enduring success.

Blockchain and the Circular Economy

Blockchain technology holds key value for the circular economy by enabling the tracking and efficient circulation of materials along supply chains. It assists in the reuse, remanufacturing, recycling, and composting of materials, facilitating informed decision-making and sharing responsibility for material flows. While its widespread implementation has been limited due to the need for collaboration and operational changes, the transformative potential of blockchain in the circular economy remains relevant and promising.

The adoption of blockchain technology in the circular economy can be accelerated, especially in Europe, due to legislative changes requiring the creation of digital passports for products. Although the EU has not specified the use of blockchain, this technology is considered to have the necessary capabilities for passports, allowing traceability of components and verifiable data on durability and repairability. This would boost the financial value of refurbished products and promote informed decision-making to encourage reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling. However, for the circular economy to function effectively, economic incentives are needed to drive producers to eliminate waste from the outset.

The potential of blockchain in the circular economy

Brown, a blockchain technology expert, sees its potential not only in regulatory compliance and cost savings but also in the subsequent stages of adoption. As companies close the loop in their supply chains using blockchain, they prioritize reuse, remanufacturing, and restoration, generating new sources of income and capturing previously wasted value. Increased material circulation also creates a currency for these pieces, encouraging their greater utilization. Blockchain enables the recording of location, quality, ownership, and payments, empowering actors at each stage of the product to maintain maximum value.

However, Ken Webster, a researcher at Cranfield University and former Head of Innovation at the Ellen MacArthur Foundationemphasizes the importance of knowing the origin, composition, and destination of materials in a circular economy. He believes that the value of blockchain lies in improving "total product responsibility" and driving companies to redesign products and systems for optimal material recovery. By promoting transparency and accountability, blockchain can drive upstream innovation and minimize environmental impact.